五种基本英语句子成分 英语中主要的句子成分都有哪些

1、主语

主语 是一个句子的主题,是句子所述说的主体.它的位置一般在一句之首.可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。

A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.

月饼是一种美味的圆饼

2、谓语

谓语 或谓语动词 的位置一般在主语之后.谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。

It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.

它被全世界旅行者和商业人员使用。

3、表语

表语是用来说明主语的性质，身份，特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词，形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。

My work is teaching English,

我的工作是教英语。

4、宾语

宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象，它是动作的承受者，宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。

We think you are right.

我们认为你是对的。

5、定语

用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征范围等情况的词叫做定语，定语可以由名词，形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词，短语担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面。

The TV set made in that factory is very good.

那个工厂生产的电视机很好。

求英语句子成分基本的概况 （内有要求）

这个没有固定的顺序，不过如果是正常语序，你的排序基本正确，

比如，一个形容词放在名词前面就是定义，放在后面就是补语，主要是根据词语之间的关系判定，

先找 主谓宾，然后找其他词与其关系，修饰主宾的就是定语，修饰谓语的就是补语，补充说明时间地点的就是状语

英语句子成分

先了解基本句子成分，再注意那些形式可以充当这些句子成分。然后就是练习划分句子成分。

英语句子成分分析

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

英语句子成分

通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：

（定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）

如： boy go zoo.

child --- went home yesterday..

英语句子=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）

英语句子成分歌：

英语句子八大块， 主谓宾表真实在；

补语跟着宾语表语跑， 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。

状语的位置自由自在， 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。

I．八大成分的概念和构成

一、主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，一般放于句首。

充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见）

形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）

1）If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.

不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。

The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.

成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。

二、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面

谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）

I have a dream.

You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.

所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。

三、宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。放在及物动词或者介词之后

You don’t find opportunities…you make them.

你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。

You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.

如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。

充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式

形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）

四、表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任说明主语的身份和情况。

构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句

Time is money.

Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.

你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。

五、．补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）

构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句

主语补语

Tom was made monitor.

宾语补语

I made Tom monitor.

表语补语

I am sure to succeed.

六、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面

7. This is beautiful music.

There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.

自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。

构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句

七、.同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。

Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.

构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句

八、状语：状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前，修饰词，短语，从句和整句。位置：自由自在。

1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。

Can you feel the love tonight?

Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.

只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。

2）连接性状语：连接上下文（顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比较）。

First comes spring, then summer.

I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.

3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。

Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.

II．成分关系

1．补语跟着宾语表语跑：

补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。

To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.（宾补）

We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）

爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。

2．定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：

定语，同位语修饰名词性形式

Experience is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）

They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）

3．谓语动词由状语修饰

When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.

你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。

1、主语：

由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。

如：The painter painted a very nice picture. / They fought against SARS bravely. / To see is to believe. . / Helping animals is to help people.

动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。

如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. / Eating too much is bad for your health.

口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略： nothing. 没有什么。)/ doesn’t matter. 没有关系。) / thank you. 谢谢你。)

反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn’t he? / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they?

祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. / You go there and fetch me a glass of water.

主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. / Where are they? / Does the boy like staying home?

主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.

主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。

2、谓语：

由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：

He travelled in space for the first time. / Who teaches you English this year? / The pizza has gone bad. /

谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］。　记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：

I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out.

谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。

记住使用下列正确形式：

①情态动词+原形动词。如：You’d better go over the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）

②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：They should have been there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）

③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）

④have+过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）

⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）

⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）

不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。

谓语动词单复数形式：单数形式的动词有：is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有：are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。

记住：主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：”） Air and water is necessary to us all.

一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.

3、宾语：

由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing. / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money. / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.

只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. / Can you hear anything exciting?

宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? / What does he write a letter with? / With what does he write a letter?

“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如：Please put the shoes away. / Please put away the shoes. / Please put them away.

动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：

①动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：He often gives me some help.

②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如： Please make me a kite. 或Please make a kite for me.

在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. / I found it rather difficult to do the job.

宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。

4、表语：

说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如：He became a doctor after he left high school. / The rubber wheels are over there. / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold. / Who is it?

表语只能放在连系动词 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。

代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：It’s I. 是我。

只能作表语的形容词有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness. / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep. / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! / I am not alone in thinking so.

表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。

5、定语：

修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如：Put it in the top drawer. / France and Switzerland are European countries. / His mother and father are both college teachers. / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.

单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序：

限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍和材料，作用类别靠后靠。

冠词/物代年龄/形状/大小/温度色彩来源质地/材料目的/用途

被修饰的名词

时间副词、地点副词

介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday.

形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如：He remembered everything unusual.

定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句。

注意：由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。

6、状语：

说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college education was something new.（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire. / You cannot leave until your work is finished.

副词作状语位置较为灵活;介词短语作状语,位置基本固定；不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果；从句作状语.

多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark. /

状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。

注意：由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。

7、宾语补足语：

补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式、介词短语等充当。如：Call him Jim, please. / I tried my best to make him happy. / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. / He let the smaller animals bring food to him.

部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如：Let him in, I tell you! / Please put it away.

祝你开心如意！

英语句子成分划分用什么符号

没有固定的模式，为了方便理解，可以和语文里句子成分的划分符号一样。英语老师上课用的句子成分符号都不尽相同，如我就这样来用：

划分符号

主语： 双横线 定语：

谓语： 单横线 状语：[ ]

宾语： 波浪线 宾补：〈 〉

表语： 双波浪线

英语句子成分分析，每种还要举至少5个例子，详解各个单词在该句中做什么成分。

版本一

一、句子成分

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）

We often speak English in class.（代词）

One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）

Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）

The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）

It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：

Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）

Is it yours?（代词）

The weather has turned cold.（形容词）

The speech is exciting.（分词）

Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）

His job is to teach English.（不定式）

His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）

The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）

Time is up. The class is over.（副词）

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：

They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）

He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）

I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）

I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.

（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：

His father named him Dongming.（名词）

They painted their boat white.（形容词）

Let the fresh air in.（副词）

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）

We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）

We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）

We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：

Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）

There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）

He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）

（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）

He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）

He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）

Wait a minute.（名词）

Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）

状语种类如下：

How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）

Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）

She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）

I am taller than he is.（比较状语）

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5. They went hunting together early in the morning.

6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

10. His wish is to become a scientist.

11. He managed to finish the work in time.

12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

13. He found it important to master English.

14. Do you have anything else to say?

15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

16. Would you please tell me your address?

17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

19. He noticed a man enter the room.

20. The apples tasted sweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.

四、选择填空：

1. ____ will leave for Beijing.

A. Now there the man B. The man here now

C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now

2. The weather ____.

A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold

3. The apple tasted ____.

A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet

4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.

A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter

5. The actor ______at the age of 70.

A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded

6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we

7. He found the street much ______.

A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly

8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.

A. its B. it C. that D. that is

9. The dog ____ mad.

A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked

10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.

A. that B. when C. in which D. where

句子结构

简单句的五个基本句型

主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.

主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English.

主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 She is happy．

主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.

主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）

分析下列句子成分

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5. He broke a piece of glass.

6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．

7. ---I love you more than her，child ．

8. Tees turn green when spring comes.

9. They pushed the door open.

10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.

12. All the students think highly of his teaching

13. We need a place twice larger than this one.

14. He asked us to sing an English song.

15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．

16.We will make our school more beautiful.

17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．

18. She showed us her many of her pictures.

19. The old man lives a lonely life.

20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.

21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．

22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．

23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.

24. Go back where you came from.

25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.

26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.

27. Would you please pass me the cup?

28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.

29. Do you know the latest news about him?

30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

关于英语句子成分的问题（很基础的）

额 楼主好 状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 　　状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

第一个就是介词接宾语在句中的确是作目的状语

后面一个也是作伴随状语

学英语最基本要了解什么句子成分，或者是什么语，比如说主语宾语等等。

知道怎么填说明你语感不错，但是学英语最重要是背单词，其他的一切包括语法都要往后排，所以我建议你首先把单词背好。其次英语里最基本的句子成分是主谓，这是能组成一个句子的最简单成分，你可以从这个方向逐渐往外扩展，学习主谓宾，从句之类的语法，当然，如果你想要迅速提高英语成绩，那就像我一开始说的那样先去背单词吧