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定语从句翻译句子

导语：以下是小编精心为大家整理的有关定语从句翻译句子示例，希望对大家有所帮助，欢迎阅读。

定语从句的翻译

自由式定语从句

自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式，在句中充当不同的句子成分，故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看，其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句，因此，其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。

Examples:

Thus the Arab Umayyed Dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medina to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯麦伍德哈里发王朝阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团；该王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

阿拉伯麦伍德王朝的统治者们征服了……，于661年将首都从麦地那迁往大马士革，但此后他们便成了不折不扣的寄生虫。

嵌套式定语从句

嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似，拆开来也是一个独立的定语从句，只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。

Examples:

Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；在那里被巴格达哈里发雇为雇佣军。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

东边也是塞尔柱突厥人。他们从自己的家乡中亚地区来到伊斯兰教帝国，充当了巴格达哈里发的雇佣军。

并列式定语从句

并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的简称，指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况。

Examples:

This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.

这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。

一主二仆式定语从句

Examples:

The old ways of earning a living was rivaled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power.

古老的谋生之道正受到新农业技术、新贸易和新行业的挑战。其中，这些新兴的行业使用一些奇怪的机器。这些机器无需传统的人力和畜力，非常节省劳动力。

And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.

它有助于说明，为什么发源于中国的许多发明和希腊罗马人所知道的许多发明，只是在西欧人手中才得到全面发展和充分利用。

Consequently the manor was a self-sufficient village that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords.

因而，采邑是靠农奴经营的自给自足的村庄；农奴不能随便离开，并以其劳动养活教俗封建集团。

Not Surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest.

Chinese Translation No. 1:

毫不奇怪，苏丹出现了最复杂的政治组织，在那里，长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响最为强烈。

Chinese Translation No. 2:

苏丹的长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响也最大。在那里出现最为复杂的`政治组织是毫不奇怪的。

Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society ... where poverty and illiteracy no longer exist and disease is brought under control; and where our educational facilities provide all the children of Ghana with the best possible opportunities for the development of their potentialities.

我们的目标是要在加纳建立一个强大、进步的社会......在这里，贫困和文盲不再存在，疾病得到控制；在这里，我们的教育机构为加纳所有的孩子提供发展他们的潜力的最好机会。

Even so the Lisbon government admitted in MARCH 1970 that a major attack had been launched by guerrillas who were armed with mortars and automatic weapons and who inflicted "many" Portuguese casualties.

即使如此，里斯本政府仍于1970年3月承认，配备迫击炮和自动武器的游击队已发动了一次大规模的进攻，使葡萄牙人蒙受"重大"伤亡。

At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.

Chinese Translation No.1:

处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里，种族混合十分广泛，而且正在继续进行，因此，种族歧视较少。

Chinese Translation No.2:

最为典型的则要数夏威夷和巴西了。在这两个地方，种族混合非常普遍，而且将会有增无减；而相对来说，种族歧视问题就不怎么严重了。

He was also an old-line Stalinist who had spent 16 years in Hungarian jails in the interwar period and who was now unwilling to share authority with the "nationalist“ Hungarian Communists.

他还是一位老牌的斯大林主义者，曾在两次世界大战之间的时期内在匈牙利监狱呆了16年，因而这时不愿与"民族主义的"匈牙利共产党人分享权力。

Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,那么,儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。

Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.

在20世纪以前,小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点,因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。

Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.

虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式,但是行星的数目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

Taking his cue from Ibsen’sA Doll’s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband’s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.

易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走,因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示,从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己,她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。

定语从句翻译复杂句子

同学们，如果给你复杂的定语从句你是否会翻译呢？怎么翻译呢？

翻译练习(定语从句)

1.李昂就是那个决心清除社会上所有坏蛋的职业杀手。

Leonwas a professional killerwhowas determined to get rid of all the bad guys in the society.

2.玛蒂尔德就是那个父母都已离世的可怜的小女孩。

Mathilda was a poor little girlwhoseparents both died.

3.足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。

Football is a team workthattrains children to work with others.

4.你想见的那个人住进了这家宾馆。

The manwhomyou want to seechecked in this hotel.

5.这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂。

This is the factory(which/that )we visited yesterday.

6.我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。

The letter(which/that)I received yesterdaywas from a friend of mine.

7.他常常回忆起童年在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的日子。

He often recalls the days of his childhoodwhenhe and his grandfather went fishing by the river.

8.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。

This is the housewhereLu Xun once lived.

This is the housein whichLu Xun once lived.

This is the housewhichLu Xun once livedin.

9.我们不知道他没有来的原因。

We don’t know the reasonwhyhe didn’t show up.

We don’t know the reasonthathe didn’t show up.(×)

10.中国政府正在大力发展农业，农业的重要性现在已是人人皆知。

Chinese government is trying to develop agriculture with great efforts, the importanceof whichis now known to everybody.

11.会议延期了，而这正是我们所希望的。

The meeting was put off,which/aswas exactly what we wanted.

12.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.

This is the best film (which)I have ever seen.(×)

定语从句的翻译方法

英语句子中某个需要修饰的词语后面可以接无数的定语从句，而汉语句子中需要修饰的词语前不能放过多的修饰语(定语)。另外，英语定语从句的结构还具有一些特点，即蔓生式(The rates at which the molecules move depend upon the energy they have.)，并列式(The house (that) he bought in 1968，and which he sold two years later，is again on the market.)，连环套式(There was one thing (that) he told me which I don’t believe at all.)。基于这些结构上的差异，在翻译定语从句的`时候，可以选择以下几种方法：

1. 前置法

比较简短的英语定语从句，可以译成作定语的短语，置于所修饰词语之前。

例如：

·You must make full use of the money there is left to you and think of a plan to make more.

你必须充分利用所剩的钱，而且要想法赚更多的钱。

·The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。

·This is the cat that killed the rat.

这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

·For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.

例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。

·Behaviorists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.

相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有条件而造成的。

2. 后置法

当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是：若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省略, 则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。

·All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster.

在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量， 一定会以某种方式通过细管子，这只有靠加快流速才能做到。(后置)

·Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.

也许，光是某种电波，其性质我们尚不清楚。(后置)

·This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.

这种困境将是确定无疑的, 因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方法继续下去了, 而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。(后置)

·“In short”, a leader of the new school attends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”

新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之, 我们所称谓的科学革命，主要指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。” (后置)

·The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.

食品的供应将赶不上人口的增长, 这就意味著我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。(后置)

·You consulted the man who had no idea about that subject at all?

那个家伙对这一主题一无所知，你却去咨询他?(前置)

·They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which，in the past，many Chinese have laid down their lives.

他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 (后置)

·Nearly everyone knows the story of “the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack built.”

几乎人人都知道这个故事：“杰克盖了房，房里堆了粮，耗子把粮吃光，猫把耗子抓着，狗又把猫逼上房。”(后置)

3. 溶合法

所谓溶合就是把原句中的主语和定语从句合并在一起，译成一个独立的句子。

例如：

·There are more and more foreign investors who have the intention to do business and live in Dalian.

越来越多的外国投资者有意向在大连经商和生活。

·They are a nation that must beg to stay alive.

他们那个国家不讨饭就活不下去。

·Objects that do not transmit light cause shadows.

不透光的物体造成阴影。

4.分离法

有些定语从句较长，结构较复杂，或意思上独立性较强，在逻辑意义上有追述、分层叙述、转折等作用。这时可将英语的定语从句从主句中分离出来，译成独立的成分。

例如：

·Nowhere is the clash between development and environment more visible than in China, where the world’s largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a large scale.

在中国，发展与环境的矛盾表现得尤为明显。这个世界上人口最多的国家正面临着环境污染、森林减少以及大范围酸雨侵袭。

·There are 107 elements found in nature, most of which ( =and most of them)are metals.

自然界发现的元素有107种，其中大部分是金属。

5. 译成有状语功能的分句

·We know that a cat，whose eyes can take in many more rays

of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.

我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫黑夜也能看得很清楚。

(原因)

·Chaplin, whose mother was ill for many years, had to dance in streets to earn money .

由于母亲病了好多年，卓别林不得不到街头表演去挣钱。

(原因)

·I invited that friend, who came on time.

我邀请了那位朋友，他就按时来了。

(结果)

·He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.他做了一架望远镜，使他能够研究天空。

(结果)

·Anyone who wants to can go for a walk.

谁想去散步就可以去。

(条件)

·Nothing is difficult in the world for anyone, who dares to scale the height.

世上无难事，只要肯登攀。

(条件)

·The young man needed a visa that would enable him to study in the United States.

这位青年需要得到签证，以便前往美国学习。

(目的)

·But the Southern States wanted to set up a country of their

own, where they would be free to keep black slaves.

但是南方各州却想建立他们自己的国家，以便在那里他们可以随心所欲地继续把黑人当作奴隶。

(目的)

·The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.

那位科学家虽已筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。

(让步)

·He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.

他坚持再买一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。

(让步)

6. 其他译法

把翻译简单定语从句的方法贯通其中，如译成定语 + 句子成分(即把一个从句译成定语，另一个从句译成句子成分);或译成并列句(或句子成分)+ 状语从句(即把一个从句译成并列句或句子成分，另一个从句译成状语从句)等。例如：

·At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil，where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.

处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里种族混合十分普遍，而且正在继续，因此，种族歧视较少。

(并列句+状语从句)

EXERCISES

I. SENTENCE TRANSLATION

1. Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.

2. And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans.

3. Not surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest.

4. This hope was nurtured by the great victories won by Genghis khan’s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian.

5. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which，in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.

6. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

7. A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.

8.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.

9. Kissinger and his small group of aids toured the Forbidden City，where the Chinese emperors once lived in lofty splendor.

10.The time will surely come when the Chinese people will realize the four modernizations.

句子合并定语从句

学习定语从句免不了要进行句法结构和语法成分的分析，而这往往是学生的薄弱环节，故此，在学习定语从句之前，学生应打好两方面的基础。以下是关于句子合并定语从句，欢迎阅览!

句子合并定语从句：

1.He has two sons .They both joined the army three years ago

2.He visited the Summer Palace this summer.He went there four years ago

3.He lied to his mother.It made her very angry

4.I have many books.Some of the books are about English

5.He met Liu Xiang in the street the other day.It made overjoyed

定语从句解题方法

一、选准关系代词和关系副词

在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：

(1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

(2) I still remember the days when we worked together.

二、了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况

that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：

1. 先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy?

2. 先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：

These are all the pictures that I have seen.

This is the very dictionary that is of great help.

3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：

My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：

Our school is not the one that it used to be.

5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：

This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：

Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

三、把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用

介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：

That's the reason for which he was late for school.

This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.

注意：

1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：

This is the key which you are looking for.

This is the baby whom you will look after.

2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which.

四、弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别

1位置上的区别：

as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：

As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.

The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.

The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.

2词义与联系上的区别：

as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as 本身含有“正如”之意;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：

Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.

Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.

五、注意定语从句的主谓一致性

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：

Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.

Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.

六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠

1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：

(1)Is this factory _______ we visited last week?

(2)Is this the factory _______ we visited last week?

A. which B. where C. what D. the one

分析：

第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的.完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。

第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。

2. 从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代(副)词重叠的成分。例如：

错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?

分析：该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。

总之，突破了以上六道难关，定语从句中的难题便会迎刃而解。

定语从句的英文句子

定语从句的英文句子

1.this is the book which i like the most.

2.the box which is full of books should be empty as soon as possible.

3. i am the one who wrote to you.

4.the teacher who teaches us maths is a young man.

5.i want to find a place where is quiet and good.

6. the restaurant where we had our lunch last time is in tha 17th street.

7.the book that you borrowed from me yesterday is helen's ,not mine.

8.the dog that is eating over there belongs to the shopkeeper.

9.i like the movie that i watched yesterday.

10.do you think the picture that is taken by john is good?